Finite Element Analysis of Composite Structures Under Dynamic Loads

Abstract

The use of composite materials in engineering applications has increased significantly due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, durability, and design flexibility. However, predicting their behavior under dynamic loading conditions remains a challenging task because of the anisotropic nature and complex failure mechanisms of composites. This study aims to optimize the understanding of composite structural performance subjected to dynamic loads through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The research employs a numerical modeling approach that incorporates anisotropic material properties, variable boundary conditions, and different load frequencies to simulate real-world scenarios such as impacts, vibrations, and cyclic stresses. Mesh sensitivity studies and convergence analyses are conducted to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the models. Results show that fiber orientation, stacking sequence, and boundary support conditions significantly influence stress distribution, deformation, and failure initiation. Additionally, the study reveals that certain layup configurations can enhance energy absorption and delay catastrophic failure under impact loading. These findings are validated against selected experimental results from existing literature, confirming the effectiveness of FEA in predicting the dynamic response of composite structures. The study contributes to the development of more efficient design methodologies for aerospace, automotive, and civil engineering applications where lightweight and high-performance materials are critical. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of incorporating dynamic load considerations into composite design to improve structural resilience, extend service life, and ensure safety. Overall, this research provides a framework for engineers and researchers to better analyze, optimize, and design composite structures under complex loading conditions using advanced finite element tools.